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@media(max-width:360px){.wrap,.header-inner{width:calc(100% - 32px)}.hero h1{font-size:37px}.hero-visual{padding:17px}.screen-title{font-size:31px}.hero-visual .visual-caption{font-size:5px}.station-card{padding:13px 11px 0}.station-name{font-size:19px}.station-en{font-size:5px}.station-bottom{font-size:7px}.tech-card{grid-template-columns:88px minmax(0,1fr)}.tech-drawing svg{width:145px}.tech-card-copy{padding:17px 12px}.tech-card p:last-child span{font-size:9px}.section-heading h2{font-size:20px}.brand{font-size:18px}.menu-toggle{font-size:9px}.filter{min-width:60px}.ve-monitors{grid-template-columns:1fr}.ve-picture{min-height:100px}#gray-patches{min-height:65px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
@media print{.site-header,.site-footer,.menu-toggle,.next-article,.interactive-lab{display:none}.wrap{width:100%}.article-layout{display:block}.article-aside{display:none}body{background:white;color:black}a{text-decoration:underline}.chapter,.timeline-list li{break-inside:avoid}}
/* Safe areas keep landscape iPhone content clear of the display cutout. */
body{padding-left:env(safe-area-inset-left,0px);padding-right:env(safe-area-inset-right,0px)}
input[type=range]{height:44px}
@media(max-width:620px){.tech-card p:last-child{font-size:12px}.tech-card p:last-child span{font-size:11px}.station-meta{font-size:10px}.station-bottom{font-size:9px}.station-en{font-size:7px;line-height:1.5;min-height:21px}}
@media(max-width:360px){.station-name{font-size:18px}.station-bottom{font-size:8px}.tech-card p:last-child span{font-size:10px}}
/* Parallel station timelines share year rows while retaining a readable phone view. */
.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.rail-page{padding-block:30px 65px}.rail-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap}.view-switch{display:flex;border:1px solid #a4b59f}.view-switch button{min-height:46px;padding:10px 22px;font-size:13px;background:transparent;border:0}.view-switch .selected{color:var(--paper);background:var(--ink)}.station-picker{display:none;align-items:center;gap:14px}.station-picker label{font-size:12px}.station-picker select{font:16px var(--sans);color:var(--ink);background:#fcfcf7;padding:9px 32px 9px 12px;min-height:46px;border:1px solid #a5b39d;max-width:100%}.rail-status{font-size:12px;margin:18px 0 25px;color:var(--muted)}.rail-legend{display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:13px}.rail-scroll{overflow:auto;max-height:72vh;max-height:72svh;max-width:100%;border:1px solid #c8d0c2;background:#fafaf6;overscroll-behavior:contain;scrollbar-color:#8d9c82 #e8ece3}.rail-board{min-width:1110px}.rail-heading,.rail-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:70px repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}.rail-heading{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:4;background:#e9ede4;box-shadow:0 1px #c6cfbf}.rail-station{padding:21px 13px 18px 24px;min-width:0;border-left:1px solid #d4dccd;position:relative}.rail-station h2{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 4px;letter-spacing:-.03em;color:var(--station)}.rail-station>span:last-child{font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.rail-line-key{position:absolute;width:3px;left:14px;top:24px;bottom:24px;background:var(--station)}.rail-year-label{font:10px var(--mono);padding:26px 11px;color:var(--muted)}.rail-row{border-top:1px solid #e2e6dc}.rail-year{font:19px var(--mono);margin:0;padding:23px 8px;position:sticky;left:0;z-index:2;background:#f1f3ed}.rail-year-label{position:sticky;left:0;z-index:5;background:#e9ede4}.rail-cell{padding:18px 10px 22px 27px;min-height:114px;min-width:0;position:relative}.rail-cell:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:17px;width:2px;background:var(--station);opacity:.45}.rail-cell.before-opening:before{display:none}.rail-event{position:relative;background:#fff;border:1px solid #cdd5c7;z-index:1}.rail-event:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:-15px;top:17px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--station);border:2px solid #fafaf6}.rail-event summary{cursor:pointer;padding:11px 10px;list-style:none;min-height:64px;position:relative}.rail-event summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.rail-event summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #ac5937;outline-offset:2px}.rail-event time{display:block;font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--station);margin-bottom:8px}.rail-title{display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;font-weight:650}.event-expand{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px}.event-expand>span{font-size:13px}.rail-event[open] .event-expand>span{transform:rotate(45deg)}.rail-event-detail{padding:2px 10px 14px}.rail-event-detail p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.9;margin-bottom:12px}.rail-event-detail ul{padding:0;list-style:none;margin:0}.rail-event-detail li{font-size:9px;line-height:1.8;margin-bottom:9px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.rail-event-detail a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.single-timelines{display:none}.rail-page[data-mode=single] .compare-view{display:none}.rail-page[data-mode=single] .single-timelines{display:block}.rail-page[data-mode=single] .station-picker{display:flex}.single-lane{max-width:760px;margin:auto}.single-lane>h2{font-size:24px;color:var(--station);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:10px 0 28px}.single-lane>h2>span{height:25px;width:4px;background:var(--station)}.single-rail{position:relative;margin-left:8px;padding-left:26px;padding-bottom:3px}.single-rail:before{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0 auto 0 0;width:2px;background:var(--station);opacity:.55}.single-rail .rail-event{margin-bottom:23px}.single-rail .rail-event:before{left:-32px;top:20px;width:10px;height:10px}.single-rail .rail-event summary{padding:17px 20px}.single-rail .rail-event time{font-size:12px}.single-rail .rail-title{font-size:17px}.single-rail .event-expand{font-size:11px;margin-top:13px}.single-rail .rail-event-detail{padding:0 20px 20px}.single-rail .rail-event-detail p{font-size:14px}.single-rail .rail-event-detail li{font-size:12px}.single-lane>.text-link{margin:0 0 15px 34px}.rail-note{margin-top:22px}.common-milestones{margin-top:55px;padding-top:35px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.common-milestones>.eyebrow{margin-bottom:10px}.common-milestones>h2{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:12px}.common-milestones>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.common-milestones>ol{list-style:none;margin:26px 0 0;padding:0}.common-milestones>ol>li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);gap:25px;padding:23px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.common-milestones time{font:16px var(--mono);color:var(--green)}.common-milestones h3{font-size:18px;margin-bottom:10px}.common-milestones li p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
@media(max-width:760px){.rail-toolbar{gap:18px}.view-switch{width:100%}.view-switch button{flex:1;padding:10px 12px;font-size:12px}.station-picker{width:100%;justify-content:space-between}.station-picker select{flex:1;max-width:250px}.rail-status{font-size:12px;margin-block:17px 23px}.rail-scroll{max-height:65vh;max-height:65svh}.rail-legend{font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.rail-board{min-width:1110px}.rail-year{font-size:18px}.rail-note{font-size:11px}.single-rail .rail-event summary{padding:15px 17px}.single-rail .rail-title{font-size:16px}.single-rail .rail-event-detail{padding-inline:17px}.single-rail .rail-event-detail p{font-size:13px}.single-lane>h2{font-size:23px}.common-milestones{margin-top:36px;padding-top:28px}.common-milestones>h2{font-size:23px}.common-milestones>ol>li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}.common-milestones h3{font-size:17px}}
@media print{.rail-toolbar,.rail-status,.rail-legend{display:none}.rail-scroll{overflow:visible;max-height:none}.rail-board{min-width:0}.rail-heading,.rail-row{grid-template-columns:55px repeat(6,1fr)}.rail-heading,.rail-year{position:static}.rail-event{break-inside:avoid}}
/* History-to-technology learning paths */
.topic-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:14px 0}.topic-link{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;max-width:100%;padding:9px 12px;border:1px solid #c8d4ce;background:#eef3ef;border-radius:4px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;text-decoration:none;overflow-wrap:anywhere;min-height:44px}.topic-link span{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap;color:#376c58}.topic-link.audio{background:#faf3e5;border-color:#ddcca8}.topic-link.audio span{color:#805c21}.topic-link.ve{background:#edf2f5;border-color:#c9d5dc}.topic-link.ve span{color:#3e6175}.connection-label{font-size:11px!important;letter-spacing:.08em;font-weight:700;color:#65736e;margin-top:18px!important}.rail-event-detail .topic-links{display:grid}.rail-event-detail .topic-link{padding:8px;font-size:11px;display:block}.rail-event-detail .topic-link span{display:block}.inline-sources{list-style:none;padding:0!important;display:flex;gap:6px 15px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:14px 0!important}.inline-sources li{padding:0!important;border:0!important;display:block!important}.inline-sources a{font-size:11px;color:#607168;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.timeline-guide{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:24px;background:#eaf0e9;border-top:3px solid #68816a;padding:22px;margin-bottom:26px}.timeline-guide>div{display:grid;gap:4px}.timeline-guide strong{font-size:30px;line-height:1;font-family:Georgia,serif}.timeline-guide span,.timeline-guide p,.timeline-guide a{font-size:12px}.timeline-guide p{flex:1;min-width:200px}.timeline-guide a{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center}.rail-tech-band{display:grid;grid-template-columns:72px 1fr;background:#e8eee9;border-top:1px solid #c9d4cc;border-bottom:1px solid #c9d4cc;position:relative}.rail-tech-band>strong{font-size:16px;padding:12px 8px;position:sticky;left:0;background:#e8eee9;z-index:2}.rail-tech-band small{display:block;font-size:9px;font-weight:400;margin-top:4px}.rail-tech-band>div{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:10px 16px}.rail-tech-band a{font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;min-height:32px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px}.rail-tech-band a span{font-size:10px;border:1px solid #c4d0c7;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:2px}.single-lane h2 small{font-size:12px;font-weight:400;margin-left:auto}.common-milestones>ol>li[hidden]{display:none!important}.common-milestones .filter-row{margin-top:24px}.common-milestones>ol>li{scroll-margin-top:110px}#milestone-count{font-size:12px;color:#65736e}.expanded-section{scroll-margin-top:100px}.evolution-list{border-left:2px solid #b0bfb0;padding-left:28px;margin:32px 0}.evolution-step{position:relative;padding:0 0 34px;margin:0 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid #d6ded5;scroll-margin-top:110px}.evolution-step:last-child{margin:0;border:0;padding-bottom:0}.evolution-step:before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-35px;top:6px;width:12px;height:12px;background:#5c7863;border:3px solid #f6f5ef;border-radius:50%}.era-label{font-size:12px!important;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#576f59;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 10px!important}.evolution-step h3,.equipment-card h3,.work-steps h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 14px}.practice{background:#eaf0e9;padding:16px 18px;margin:20px 0}.practice>strong{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#56705b}.practice p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;margin:8px 0 0}.term-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 24px}.term-cards>div{padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #d5dcd3;min-width:0}.term-cards dt{font-weight:700;font-size:16px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.term-cards dd{margin:10px 0 0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.9;color:#55625a}.equipment-cards{display:grid;gap:22px;margin-top:28px}.equipment-card{border:1px solid #d1dacd;border-radius:5px;padding:26px;background:#fafbf6}.equipment-example{font-size:12px!important;color:#677664;margin:0 0 18px!important}.signal-chain{background:#172c29;color:#e2eee4;padding:22px;font-size:15px!important;line-height:2!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere;border-radius:5px}.work-steps{padding-left:24px}.work-steps li{padding:12px 0 16px 10px}.work-steps li::marker{color:#5d7863;font-weight:700}.trouble-list details{border-bottom:1px solid #d3dcd2}.trouble-list summary{padding:20px 0;cursor:pointer;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;min-height:44px}.trouble-list details p{font-size:14px;padding:0 14px 16px}.article-toc a{min-height:40px}.article-content{min-width:0}.article-timeline li>div{min-width:0}#technology-history{scroll-margin-top:100px}
@media(max-width:760px){.term-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.evolution-list{padding-left:20px}.evolution-step:before{left:-27px}.evolution-step h3,.equipment-card h3,.work-steps h3{font-size:18px}.equipment-card{padding:20px 16px}.practice{padding:14px}.practice p{font-size:13px}.timeline-guide{gap:20px;padding:20px 16px}.timeline-guide p{flex-basis:100%;margin:0}.timeline-guide a{margin-top:-10px}.topic-link{font-size:12px}.article-timeline .topic-links{display:grid}.single-lane h2{flex-wrap:wrap}.signal-chain{padding:18px;font-size:14px!important}.article-toc{display:flex;overflow-x:auto;gap:8px;padding-bottom:12px}.article-toc .eyebrow{display:none}.article-toc a{flex:0 0 auto;font-size:12px;border:1px solid #cdd8cb;padding:8px 12px;border-radius:3px}.article-toc a span{display:none}.common-milestones .topic-links{display:grid}}
.title-chunk{display:inline-block}.learn-jumps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;margin:24px 0 34px}.learn-jumps a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #c5d1c1;background:#edf1e8;padding:16px 12px;font-size:13px;min-height:76px}.learn-jumps small{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.04em;color:#62745e}@media(max-width:760px){.learn-jumps{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.learn-jumps a{padding:14px 16px}.timeline-guide{gap:16px}.timeline-guide p{font-size:11px}}
/* Long reference pages jump directly to the selected lesson. */
html{scroll-behavior:auto}
/* Field guides and equipment reference. */
.field-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px;margin:30px 0}.field-card{display:block;border:1px solid #cbd5c9;border-top:4px solid #74866f;padding:28px;background:#eef2e9;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s}.field-card:hover{background:#e3ebdd}.field-card:nth-child(2){border-top-color:#b68d52;background:#f4efe3}.field-card:nth-child(3){border-top-color:#628594;background:#eaf0f1}.field-card h3{font-size:25px;margin:24px 0 14px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}.field-card h3 span{font-size:18px}.field-card p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9}.field-card-bottom{display:block;font-size:11px;border-top:1px solid #cad3c5;padding-top:18px;margin-top:24px;color:#62705e}.field-section h2{font-size:32px}.field-article{max-width:1060px;padding-bottom:40px}.field-article>.article-lead{max-width:750px}.field-article>.note{margin:32px 0}.field-article .chapter{padding-top:42px;scroll-margin-top:100px}.field-article .chapter>h2{font-size:28px}.field-roles{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;margin-top:30px}.role-card{padding:26px 22px;border:1px solid #ced7c9;background:#f9faf5;border-radius:4px}.role-card>span{display:inline-block;font-size:12px;color:#50725b;font-weight:700;border-bottom:2px solid #9bb29b;padding-bottom:8px}.role-card.audio>span{color:#865f27;border-color:#d0ae72}.role-card.ve>span{color:#4a6c7d;border-color:#95b4c2}.role-card h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.7;margin:18px 0 16px}.role-card p{font-size:14px;line-height:2}.role-card>a{font-size:12px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;margin-top:14px}.path-lab .filter-row{margin:26px 0}.path-nodes{padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;margin:30px 0}.path-nodes li{position:relative;min-width:0;background:#1d3530;color:#edf5ec;padding:22px 18px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.8}.path-nodes li span{display:block;color:#b8ccb7;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:14px}.path-nodes li:not(:last-child):after{content:'→';position:absolute;right:-21px;top:44%;color:#6b7e65;font-size:18px}.path-explain{border-left:3px solid #8aa584;background:#edf2e8;padding:20px 24px;line-height:2}.path-panel[hidden]{display:none}.difference-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px;margin:32px 0}.difference-card{border:1px solid #d0d9cb;padding:26px;background:#fafbf6;min-width:0}.difference-card h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 16px}.difference-card p{font-size:14px;line-height:2}.difference-point{background:#eaf0e5;padding:14px 16px;margin:20px 0}.difference-card a{font-size:12px;display:inline-flex;min-height:44px;align-items:center}.equipment-atlas{padding:0 0 80px}.equipment-index-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px;margin-top:32px}.equipment-index-grid .equipment-card{margin:0;min-width:0}.equipment-index-grid h2{font-size:22px;line-height:1.65;margin:12px 0 18px}.equipment-index-grid .equipment-card>p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9}.equipment-index-grid [hidden]{display:none!important}.glossary-learn{display:block!important;width:fit-content;margin:12px 0 6px;min-height:44px;align-content:center;font-size:13px!important}.field-article .learn-jumps a{min-height:52px;justify-content:center}.equipment-atlas .filter-row{flex-wrap:wrap}
@media(max-width:900px){.field-grid,.field-roles{grid-template-columns:1fr}.field-card{padding:24px}.field-card h3{margin-top:18px}.field-section h2{font-size:27px}.field-card-bottom{margin-top:18px}.role-card h3{margin-top:14px}.path-nodes{gap:18px}.path-nodes li{font-size:13px;padding:16px 12px}.path-nodes li:not(:last-child):after{right:-16px;font-size:15px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.field-article .chapter>h2{font-size:23px;line-height:1.6}.field-roles{gap:16px}.role-card{padding:22px 20px}.path-nodes{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}.path-nodes li{padding:16px 20px;font-size:15px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px}.path-nodes li span{margin:0}.path-nodes li:not(:last-child):after{content:'↓';top:auto;bottom:-26px;right:auto;left:50%;height:26px}.path-explain{padding:18px;font-size:14px}.difference-grid,.equipment-index-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.difference-card{padding:22px 20px}.equipment-atlas{padding-bottom:48px}.equipment-index-grid h2{font-size:20px}.field-article .learn-jumps a{font-size:12px;padding:14px 10px}.field-article .work-steps{font-size:14px}.field-card .eyebrow{font-size:10px}}